Amergou Kasbah

The Amergou Kasbah is one of the fortresses built by the Almoravids (1056–1147) to combat the opposition forces of the Almohads. The citadel was situated on the frontline against Almohad attacks in the mid-12th century. The Amergou Kasbah is a unique structure, characterised by its architectural design, spatial organisation, and construction techniques. Cut and rubble stone were used to construct the citadel, whose architectural design forms a rectangular shape, covering the entire space atop the rocky highland on which it stands This defensive site is similar to several Andalusian, Moroccan, and Mediterranean citadels, such as Sahyun Castle in Syria, which was built by the Crusaders in the 12th century. Archaeologists and art historians studying the Kasbah have noted the influence of contemporary European military architecture during the Almoravid era. This is attributed to the presence of a Christian battalion within the Almoravid army, who were likely responsible for its construction. The Amergou Kasbah (citadel) measures 225 metres in length and 65 metres in width, and the walls surrounding it follow the contours of the upland on which it is built. These walls fortify the angles, which are defended by twelve towers that vary in design depending on their location. The diameter of each tower varies according to the breadth of the terrain on which it is situated, allowing for enhanced control over the defence of the wall’s flanks. The Amergou Kasbah is built on the mountainsides, taking advantage of the varying slopes. The citadel is accessible through straight entrance gates. The main gate leads to a rectangular room in the north, followed by a square room in the southeaste part. At the centre of the citadel is a round building surrounded by two additional towers, believed to have been the residence of the garrison commander. Within the citadel, remnants of mattamores (underground storage facilities) have been found. For water supply, a ciste constructed in the southeaste part of the central courtyard appears to have been used for storing water.